Analisis Perbandingan Kerangka Hukum untuk Keamanan Siber dan Perlindungan Data antara Vietnam dan Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62771/pk.v3i2.34Kata Kunci:
Kerangka Hukum, Keamanan Siber, Perlindungan Data, Vietnam, Indonesia, Kerangka Hukum; Keamanan Siber; Perlindungan Data; Vietnam; IndonesiaAbstrak
This study examines the comparative legal frameworks governing cybersecurity and personal data protection in Vietnam and Indonesia within the context of rapid digital transformation in Southeast Asia. Previous studies on cybersecurity governance in ASEAN have mainly focused on regulatory implementation and digital security issues, while paying limited attention to how differences in governance philosophy shape cybersecurity regulation and enforcement across countries with contrasting political systems. Addressing this gap, the study compares Vietnam’s centralized, security-oriented governance model with Indonesia’s more decentralized, rights-based regulatory approach, influenced by international standards such as the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). This research employs a normative legal research approach combined with comparative legal analysis. Primary data consist of laws, decrees, and government regulations related to cybersecurity and personal data protection in both countries. In contrast, secondary data include academic literature, policy reports, and international publications on digital governance in Southeast Asia. The data are analyzed qualitatively to identify differences in regulatory structures, institutional arrangements, enforcement mechanisms, and policy orientations. The findings reveal that Vietnam prioritizes national security, political stability, and strong state control over cyberspace. In contrast, Indonesia emphasizes personal data protection, digital economic integration, and regulatory alignment with international norms despite fragmented institutional coordination. This study argues that cybersecurity governance in Southeast Asia is shaped not only by technological challenges but also by broader state philosophies concerning sovereignty, authority, and citizen rights in the digital era. The study contributes theoretically to comparative digital governance research by introducing a governance-philosophy perspective for understanding cybersecurity regulation in emerging digital states.
Studi ini meneliti kerangka hukum komparatif yang mengatur keamanan siber dan perlindungan data pribadi di Vietnam dan Indonesia dalam konteks transformasi digital yang cepat di Asia Tenggara. Studi sebelumnya tentang tata kelola keamanan siber di ASEAN sebagian besar berfokus pada implementasi peraturan dan isu keamanan digital, sementara hanya sedikit memperhatikan bagaimana perbedaan filosofi tata kelola membentuk regulasi dan penegakan keamanan siber di berbagai negara dengan sistem politik yang berbeda. Untuk mengatasi kesenjangan ini, studi ini membandingkan model tata kelola terpusat dan berorientasi keamanan Vietnam dengan pendekatan regulasi berbasis hak yang lebih terdesentralisasi di Indonesia, yang dipengaruhi oleh standar internasional seperti Peraturan Perlindungan Data Umum (GDPR) Uni Eropa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian hukum normatif yang dikombinasikan dengan analisis hukum komparatif. Data primer terdiri dari undang-undang, dekrit, dan peraturan pemerintah yang berkaitan dengan keamanan siber dan perlindungan data pribadi di kedua negara. Sebaliknya, data sekunder mencakup literatur akademis, laporan kebijakan, dan publikasi internasional tentang tata kelola digital di Asia Tenggara. Data dianalisis secara kualitatif untuk mengidentifikasi perbedaan dalam struktur regulasi, pengaturan kelembagaan, mekanisme penegakan hukum, dan orientasi kebijakan. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa Vietnam memprioritaskan keamanan nasional, stabilitas politik, dan kontrol negara yang kuat atas dunia maya. Sebaliknya, Indonesia menekankan perlindungan data pribadi, integrasi ekonomi digital, dan keselarasan regulasi dengan norma internasional meskipun koordinasi kelembagaan masih terfragmentasi. Studi ini berpendapat bahwa tata kelola keamanan siber di Asia Tenggara dibentuk tidak hanya oleh tantangan teknologi tetapi juga oleh filosofi negara yang lebih luas mengenai kedaulatan, otoritas, dan hak warga negara di era digital. Studi ini memberikan kontribusi teoritis pada penelitian tata kelola digital komparatif dengan memperkenalkan perspektif filosofi tata kelola untuk memahami regulasi keamanan siber di negara-negara digital yang sedang berkembang.
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