Hubungan Diplomatik antara Indonesia dan Taiwan dalam konteks Kebijakan Arah Selatan Baru Taiwan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62771/pk.v3i2.35Kata Kunci:
Hubungan internasional, Hubungan diplomatik antara, Kebijakan Arah Selatan Baru, Indonesia, Taiwan, Hubungan internasional; Hubungan diplomatik antara; Kebijakan Arah Selatan Baru; Indonesia; TaiwanAbstrak
This study analyzes the bilateral relations between Indonesia and Taiwan within the framework of the New Southbound Policy (NSP) launched by the Tsai Ing-wen administration in 2016. The NSP represents Taiwan’s strategic effort to diversify its economic and diplomatic engagement beyond mainland China by strengthening cooperation with Southeast Asia, South Asia, Australia, and New Zealand. Using a qualitative descriptive-analytical approach and a multidisciplinary theoretical framework that combines strategic realism and soft power theory, this research examines how Indonesia and Taiwan navigate complex interdependence despite the absence of formal diplomatic relations within the One China Policy framework. Data were collected through an extensive review of academic literature, policy documents, trade statistics, and investment reports. The findings indicate that Indonesia occupies a pivotal position in the NSP due to its strategic maritime geography, demographic weight, and “Free and Active” foreign policy orientation, which facilitate substantial cooperation in non-political sectors. Economic evidence demonstrates a strong growth trajectory, with bilateral trade surpassing USD 14 billion in 2022 and significant Taiwanese foreign direct investment in strategic Indonesian industries. The study also identifies a persistent soft power gap in educational exchanges, characterized by asymmetrical student mobility and limited academic engagement with Taiwan in Indonesia. Furthermore, Indonesian migrant workers and halal tourism emerge as important grassroots mechanisms that strengthen people-to-people connectivity and socio-cultural relations. The study concludes that the long-term sustainability of Indonesia–Taiwan relations depends on the effective utilization of non-political cooperation channels that align with Indonesia’s development priorities, including the Golden Indonesia Vision 2045, while adapting to evolving regional strategic competition.
Penelitian ini menganalisis hubungan bilateral antara Indonesia dan Taiwan dalam kerangka New Southbound Policy (NSP) yang diluncurkan oleh pemerintahan Tsai Ing-wen pada tahun 2016. NSP merupakan upaya strategis Taiwan untuk mendiversifikasi keterlibatan ekonomi dan diplomatiknya di luar Tiongkok daratan melalui penguatan kerja sama dengan negara-negara Asia Tenggara, Asia Selatan, Australia, dan Selandia Baru. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif-analitis serta kerangka teoretis multidisiplin yang menggabungkan realisme strategis dan teori soft power, penelitian ini mengkaji bagaimana Indonesia dan Taiwan membangun interdependensi yang kompleks meskipun tidak memiliki hubungan diplomatik formal akibat penerapan Kebijakan Satu Tiongkok. Data dikumpulkan melalui telaah pustaka yang komprehensif terhadap literatur akademik, dokumen kebijakan, statistik perdagangan, dan laporan investasi. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia menempati posisi yang sangat penting dalam NSP karena geografi maritimnya yang strategis, besarnya populasi, serta orientasi politik luar negeri “Bebas dan Aktif” yang memungkinkan terjalinnya kerja sama substansial di sektor-sektor non-politik. Bukti ekonomi memperlihatkan tren pertumbuhan yang kuat, dengan nilai perdagangan bilateral melampaui USD 14 miliar pada tahun 2022 serta investasi asing langsung Taiwan yang signifikan di berbagai industri strategis Indonesia. Penelitian ini juga mengidentifikasi adanya kesenjangan soft power dalam pertukaran pendidikan yang ditandai oleh mobilitas mahasiswa yang asimetris dan keterlibatan akademik mengenai Taiwan yang masih terbatas di Indonesia. Selain itu, pekerja migran Indonesia dan pariwisata halal muncul sebagai mekanisme akar rumput yang penting dalam memperkuat konektivitas antarmasyarakat dan hubungan sosial-budaya. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa keberlanjutan hubungan Indonesia–Taiwan bergantung pada pemanfaatan saluran kerja sama non-politik yang selaras dengan prioritas pembangunan Indonesia, termasuk Visi Indonesia Emas 2045, sembari beradaptasi dengan dinamika persaingan strategis di kawasan.
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